托福寫作中如何準(zhǔn)確使用高級詞匯？（中）

在托福寫作考試中，能否使用一些高級詞匯能使寫作成績獲得比較高的分?jǐn)?shù)，今天老師為大家整理的托福寫作中的黃金詞匯之托福寫作中如何準(zhǔn)確使用高級詞匯？（中），看看你了解多少？

9. Redundant

What you think it means: Repetitive. 你認(rèn)為單詞的含義是：重復(fù)的。

What it really means: Unnecessarily excessive. 單詞的真正含義是：過剩的。 This one is tough because you can use it wrong but unintentionally use it right. When you repeat something a bunch of times, it can become redundant, but redundant expands far beyond just repeating things over and over. A popular thing companies are doing now is firing people but instead of calling it “getting fired,” they call it “eliminating redundancies.” The premise being that the employee they’re firing is unnecessary and excessive and they are thus eliminating them. In pretty much any scenario where there is simply too much of something, it is redundant.

這個單詞有點復(fù)雜，因為你可能總會用錯，卻也不一定什么時候就用對了。當(dāng)你不斷重復(fù)某事很多次后，事情可能就會變得redundant(多余的)，但是redundant這個詞所包含的意思遠(yuǎn)不止“不斷重復(fù)”。當(dāng)下公司都很流行解聘雇員，但他們不會說“炒你魷魚”，而是稱之為“裁員”;但前提是，被裁的員工是可有可無的、多余的，這樣就可以裁掉了。在很多情況下，如果某事太多太剩，那就是redundant(多余的)了。

10. Enormity

What you think it means: Huge, enormous. 你認(rèn)為單詞的含義是：巨大的，龐大的。

What it really means: Profoundly immoral or evil. 單詞的真正含義是：極其不道德的或邪惡的。 Don't beat yourself up over this one because no one knows this one off the top of their head. Enormity sounds like enormous and as with many of our other examples, here we expect words that sound alike to have similar meanings. Enormity simply means really evil. An example of how to use it is the following: “The enormity of the crimes committed by the Nazis in World War II.” It doesn't mean the enormous crimes, it means the heinous crimes.

不要因為用錯這個單詞而自責(zé)，因為沒多少人能不假思索地知道這個單詞。Enormity(窮兇惡極)的發(fā)音和enormous(龐大的)比較相近，正如先前提過的許多例子一樣，對于發(fā)音相似的單詞，人們也很容易認(rèn)為它們的意思也一樣。Enormity是指“極其邪惡”。舉個例子來說明如何使用這個單詞吧?！凹{粹分子在二戰(zhàn)中犯下的罪行是enormity(窮兇惡極的)?！彼皇钦fenormous(龐大的)罪行，而是指十惡不赦的罪行。

11. Terrific

What you think it means: Fantastic, good. 你認(rèn)為單詞的含義是：妙極了，極好的。

What it really means: Horrific, to inspire fear. 單詞的真正含義是：可怖的，令人害怕的。 This is another one that we expect will be changed in the dictionary eventually because barely anyone uses the real meaning anymore. When people say they feel terrific, they mean to say they feel fantastic. An example of something terrific is King Kong. You see a giant monster and it inspires fear. We're going to loop awesome in with this one too. Awesome simply means to inspire awe and people often use it to describe something really good. 

朗閣托福培訓(xùn)小編認(rèn)為這個單詞的含義以后也會在詞典里重新修訂，因為現(xiàn)在幾乎沒有人會去使用它的真正含義。當(dāng)人們說感覺terrific(恐怖的)時，他們是指感覺fantastic(好極了)。《金剛》就是典型的terrific(可怖的)例子，因為它是巨怪，讓人感到恐懼。在此順便說說awesome這個單詞吧。Awesome是指“讓人感到驚懼”，但現(xiàn)在人們用這個詞的時候主要是指“某事好極了”。

12. Disinterested

What you think it means: Bored. 你以為單詞的含義是：無趣的。

What it really means: Neutral. 單詞的真正含義是：中立的。 A good way to remember this one is that there is a word that means bored and it's uninterested. If you're uninterested, you're bored. Being disinterested is the long-form equivalent of stating that you don't care about something. 

要記住這個單詞，有個辦法就是別忘了已經(jīng)有一個單詞表示“無趣的”——這個單詞就是uninterested。如果你uninterested(不感興趣)，那自然就“無趣”了。Disinterested是表示“對某事不關(guān)心”的一個單詞。

13. Irregardless

What you think it means: Without regard. 你以為單詞的含義是：不管怎樣。

What it really means: Nothing. 單詞的真正含義是：它也是不存在的。 Like conversate above, irregardless isn't actually a word. When people say irregardless, they actually mean to say regardless. Regardless means without regard. Irregardless has been used so often that it actually is in the dictionary now and that's kind of sad. Even though it is technically there, there are a large number of people who don't consider it a word. You can save yourself a couple of keystrokes and a tongue lashing by just using regardless.

跟前面的conversate一樣，irregardless這個單詞其實也不存在。當(dāng)人們說irregardless時，其實是想說regardless。Regardless是指“不管怎樣”。Irregardless一直被頻繁使用，所以現(xiàn)在確實也納入了詞典，這可真無奈啊!不過，盡管它在字典里占有一席，但很多人并不覺得它是個單詞。既然用regardless就行了，何必還要多敲幾下鍵盤、多發(fā)一個音符來費事呢?

14. Chronic

What you think it means: Severe. 你以為單詞的含義是：劇烈的。

What it really means: Over the course of a long time. 單詞的真正含義是：歷時長久的。 This is definitely one that people ought to know better. When you have severe pain, it is just severe pain. If you have chronic pain, you have been in pain for a long, long time. Chronic conditions and diseases are called chronic because they won't go away and not because they're overly severe.

人們絕對需要好好了解這個單詞的含義。假設(shè)你受到劇烈疼痛，那它只是劇烈疼痛而已。如果你有chronic(慢性的)疼痛，那你可得很久很久地承受這疼痛了。慢性狀況和疾病之所以是chronic(慢性的)，是因為它們不會消退，而不是說它們極其嚴(yán)重。

15. i.e. 

What you think it means: For example. 你以為單詞的含義是：比如。 

What it really means: In other words. 單詞的真正含義是：換句話說。 This is one among a number of shortened words that confuse people. Here's a quick guide on how to use them. Et cetera is etc., example is ex. or e.g., and in other words is i.e. When you use i.e. you're essentially putting it there to let people know that you're going to be stating the same information in different words. Here's how it really works. It's June and I moved into my new apartment in April, i.e., two months ago.

example(比如)的縮略詞是ex.或e.g.，而in other words(換句話說)的縮略詞是i.e.。如果你使用i.e.，就表示你在換用不同的詞來表述同一個信息。下面就是具體用法：現(xiàn)在是六月，我是四月份搬進(jìn)新公寓的，i.e.(換句話說)，兩個月前。

16. Decimate

What you think it means: To destroy or annihilate 你以為單詞的含義是：毀壞或擊敗。

What it really means: To destroy ten percent. 單詞的真正含義是：10%毀壞。 This one is really goofy and one day this won't be true. For the time being, decimate actually means removing only ten percent of something. If you know a little bit about words it's not difficult to figure out. The prefix “dec” means ten. However, the traditional definition of this word is antiquated and it'll probably be changed eventually. Until then, it's technically correct to use a word like exterminate or annihilate instead.

這個單詞有點別扭，或許以后就沒人用了。不過現(xiàn)在而言，decimate是指“只抽取某事物的10%”。如果你稍微了解一點英語構(gòu)詞法的話，這就不難理解了。它的前綴“dec”就是“十”的意思。不過，這個單詞的傳統(tǒng)定義比較古舊，估計以后會有所改變。但在那之前，最好還是使用exterminate(鏟除)或annihilate(殲滅)替代吧。

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